Zaɓuɓɓuka su ne ainihin abubuwan da ake amfani da su na yadi.Gabaɗaya magana, kayan da ke da diamita jere daga microns da yawa zuwa dubun microns kuma tare da tsayin tsayin da yawa na kauri ana iya ɗaukar su fibers.Daga cikin su, waɗanda ke da tsayi fiye da dubun milimita tare da isasshen ƙarfi da sassauci za a iya rarraba su azaman filaye na yadi, waɗanda za a iya amfani da su don samar da yadudduka, igiyoyi da yadudduka.
Akwai nau'ikan zaruruwan yadi da yawa.Duk da haka ana iya rarrabasu a matsayin ko dai filaye na halitta ko kuma fiber na mutum.
1. Fiber Na halitta
Zaɓuɓɓukan halitta sun haɗa da filayen shuka ko kayan lambu, filayen dabba da filayen ma'adinai.
Dangane da shahara, auduga shine fiber da aka fi amfani dashi, sai lilin (flax) da ramie.Ana amfani da filayen flax akai-akai, amma tunda tsayin fiber na flax yana da ɗan gajeren gajere (25 ~ 40 mm), filayen flxa a al'ada an haɗa su da auduga ko polyester.Ramie, abin da ake kira "ciyawa ta kasar Sin", fiber ce mai ɗorewa tare da siliki.Yana da matukar sha'awa amma yadudduka da aka yi daga gare ta suna kururuwa kuma suna yayyafawa cikin sauƙi, don haka ramie galibi ana haɗe shi da zaren roba.
Filayen dabba ko dai sun fito ne daga gashin dabba, misali, ulu, cashmere, mohair, gashin rakumi da gashin zomo, da sauransu, ko kuma daga kumburin glandar dabba, kamar siliki na mulberry da tussa.
Fiber na ma'adinai da aka fi sani da shi shine asbestos, wanda shine fiber na inorganic tare da kyakkyawan juriya na harshen wuta amma kuma yana da haɗari ga lafiya kuma, saboda haka, ba a amfani dashi yanzu.
2. Fiber da mutum ya yi
Za a iya rarraba filayen da mutum ya yi a matsayin ko dai na halitta ko kuma filayen inorganic.Za a iya karkasa na farko zuwa nau'i biyu: nau'in ɗaya ya haɗa da waɗanda aka yi ta hanyar canza polymers na halitta don samar da filaye da aka sabunta kamar yadda ake kira su a wasu lokuta, ɗayan kuma ana yin su ne daga polymers na roba don samar da filament ko fibers.
Filayen da aka saba amfani dasu sune Cupro fibers (CUP, filayen cellulose da aka samu ta hanyar tsarin cuprammonium) da Viscose (CV, filayen cellulose da aka samu ta hanyar viscose. Dukansu Cupro da Viscose ana iya kiran su rayon).Acetate (CA, cellulose acetate fibers a cikin abin da kasa da 92%, amma a kalla 74%, na hydroxyl kungiyoyin ne acetylated.) da triacetate (CTA, cellulose acetate fibers a cikin abin da akalla 92% na hydroxyl kungiyoyin ne acetylated.) wasu nau'ikan fibre ne da aka sabunta.Lyocell (CLY), Modal (CMD) da Tencel yanzu sun zama sanannun filayen cellulose da aka sake haɓaka, waɗanda aka haɓaka don biyan buƙatun la'akari da muhalli a cikin samar da su.
A zamanin yau kuma filayen furotin da aka sabunta su ma sun zama sananne.Daga cikin wadannan akwai filayen waken soya, filayen madara da filayen Chitosan.Filayen furotin da aka sabunta sun dace musamman don aikace-aikacen likita.
Zaɓuɓɓukan roba da ake amfani da su a cikin yadi gabaɗaya ana yin su ne daga gawayi, man fetur ko iskar gas, daga abin da monomers ke yin su ta hanyar sinadarai daban-daban don zama manyan polymers na ƙwayoyin cuta tare da tsarin sinadarai masu sauƙi, waɗanda za'a iya narke ko narkar da su cikin abubuwan da suka dace.Abubuwan da aka saba amfani da su na roba sune polyester (PES), polyamide (PA) ko Nylon, polyethylene (PE), acrylic (PAN), modacrylic (MAC), polyamide (PA) da polyurethane (PU).Abubuwan polyesters na aromatic irin su polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) da polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) kuma suna zama sananne.Baya ga waɗannan, an ƙera filayen roba da yawa tare da kaddarori na musamman, waɗanda za a san su Nomex, Kevlar da Spectra fibers.Dukansu Nomex da Kevlar suna yin rajistar sunayen Kamfanin Dupont.Nomex fiber ne na meta-aramid tare da kyakkyawan kadara mai jurewa harshen wuta kuma ana iya amfani da Kevlar don yin riguna masu hana harsashi saboda ƙarfinsa na ban mamaki.Spectra fiber an yi shi ne daga polyethylene, tare da babban nauyin kwayoyin halitta, kuma ana ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin filaye mafi ƙarfi da haske a duniya.Ya dace musamman don sulke, sararin samaniya da kyawawan wasanni masu kyan gani.Ana ci gaba da bincike har yanzu.Bincike kan nano fibers yana daya daga cikin batutuwan da suka fi zafi a wannan fanni kuma domin tabbatar da cewa nanoparticles ba shi da lafiya ga dan Adam da muhalli, an samu wani sabon fanni na kimiyya mai suna "nanotoxicology", wanda a halin yanzu yana duban samar da hanyoyin gwaji don bincike. da kuma kimanta hulɗar tsakanin nanoparticles, mutum da muhalli.
Filayen da mutum ya kera da aka fi amfani da su shine fiber carbon fibers, yumbun fibers, filayen gilashi da filayen ƙarfe.Ana amfani da su galibi don wasu dalilai na musamman don yin wasu ayyuka na musamman.
Na gode da lokacin ku.
Lokacin aikawa: Maris 20-2023