ʻO ka fiber nā mea kumu o ka textiles.Ma ka ʻōlelo maʻamau, ʻo nā mea me nā anawaena mai nā microns a hiki i nā ʻumi microns a me ka lōʻihi o nā manawa he nui o ko lākou mānoanoa hiki ke manaʻo ʻia he fiber.Ma waena o lākou, hiki ke helu ʻia nā mea ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻumi mau millimeters me ka ikaika a me ka maʻalahi e like me nā fiber textile, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā wili, nā kaula a me nā lole.
Nui nā ʻano lole lole.Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea āpau ma ke ʻano he fiber maoli a i ʻole he fiber i hana ʻia e ke kanaka.
1. Na Pilikino maoli
Loaʻa i nā pulupulu kūlohelohe nā mea kanu a mea kanu paha, nā ʻili holoholona a me nā fiber mineral.
Ma ke ʻano o ka kaulana, ʻo ka pulupulu ka mea i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia, a ukali ʻia e ke olonā ( flax ) a me ka ramie.Hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia ka fiber flax, akā, no ka pōkole o ka lōʻihi o ke olonā (25~40 mm), ua hui ʻia nā fiber flxa me ka pulupulu a i ʻole polyester.ʻO Ramie, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "Kina mauʻu", he lāʻau bast lōʻihi me ka ʻulaʻula silika.Hiki ke hoʻopaneʻe ʻia akā ʻo nā lole i hana ʻia mai ia mea, hiki ke kulu a miminoni maʻalahi, no laila ua hui pinepine ʻia ka rami me nā fiber synthetic.
Mai ka lauoho o ka holoholona, no ka laʻana, hulu hipa, cashmere, mohair, lauoho kāmelo a me ka lauoho rabbit, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a i ʻole mai ka huna huna holoholona, e like me ka silika mulberry a me ka tussah.
ʻO ka fiber mineral maoli i ʻike nui ʻia he asbestos, ʻo ia ka fiber inorganic me ke kūpaʻa ahi maikaʻi loa akā he pōʻino nō hoʻi i ke olakino a no laila, ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia i kēia manawa.
2. Nā Fiber i hana ʻia e ke kanaka
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā pulupulu i hana ʻia e ke kanaka ma ke ʻano he fiber organik a i ʻole nā mea ʻano.Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka mea mua i ʻelua ʻano: hoʻokahi ʻano me nā mea i hana ʻia e ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā polymers kūlohelohe e hana i nā fibers i hoʻōla hou ʻia e like me ke kapa ʻia ʻana i kekahi manawa, a ʻo kekahi ʻano i hana ʻia mai nā polymers synthetic e hana i nā filament synthetic a i ʻole nā fila.
Hoʻohana maʻamau i hoʻohana hou ʻia nā fibers Cupro ( CUP, cellulose fibers i loaʻa i ke kaʻina cuprammonium) a me Viscose ( CV, cellulose fibers i loaʻa i ke kaʻina viscose. Hiki ke kapa ʻia ʻo Cupro a me Viscose he rayon).Acetate (CA, cellulose acetate fibers i emi iho ma lalo o 92%, akā ma ka liʻiliʻi loa o 74%, o nā hui hydroxyl i acetylated.) A me ka triacetate (CTA, cellulose acetate fibers ma kahi o 92% o nā hui hydroxyl i acetylated.) ʻo nā ʻano mea ʻē aʻe o nā fiber i hana hou ʻia.ʻO Lyocell (CLY), Modal (CMD) a me Tencel i kēia manawa i kaulana i nā fiber cellulose hou, i kūkulu ʻia e hoʻokō i ka noi no ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ke kaiapuni i kā lākou hana.
I kēia mau lā, ua kaulana hoʻi nā fiber protein regenerated.Ma waena o ia mau mea he soyabean fiber, milk fiber a me Chitosan fiber.Ua kūpono loa nā fiber protein regenerated no nā lāʻau lapaʻau.
Hana ʻia nā fiber synthetic i nā textiles mai ka lanahu, ka aila a i ʻole ke kinoea maoli, kahi i polymerized nā monomers ma o nā kemika like ʻole e lilo i polymers molecular kiʻekiʻe me nā hale kemika maʻalahi, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i nā solvents kūpono.ʻO nā fiber synthetic maʻamau ka polyester (PES), polyamide (PA) a i ʻole Nylon, polyethylene (PE), acrylic (PAN), modacrylic (MAC), polyamide (PA) a me polyurethane (PU).ʻO nā polyesters aromatic e like me polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) a me polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) e lilo pū ana i mea kaulana.Ma waho aʻe o kēia mau mea, ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā fibers synthetic me nā waiwai kūikawā, kahi e ʻike ʻia ai nā fibers Nomex, Kevlar a me Spectra.Loaʻa iā Nomex a me Kevlar nā inoa inoa inoa inoa o ka Hui Dupont.ʻO ka Nomex kahi fiber meta-aramid me kahi waiwai pale ahi maikaʻi loa a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Kevlar e hana i nā ʻaʻahu pale-polo no kona ikaika kupaianaha.Hana ʻia ka fiber Spectra mai ka polyethylene, me ke kaumaha molekala kiʻekiʻe loa, a ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā fiber ikaika a māmā loa o ka honua.He kūpono loa ia no ka pale kaua, aerospace a me nā haʻuki kiʻekiʻe.Ke hoʻomau nei ka noiʻi.ʻO ka noiʻi ʻana i nā nano fibers kekahi o nā kumuhana wela loa i kēia kahua a i mea e hōʻoia ai i ka palekana o nā nanoparticles no ka mand a me ke kaiapuni, ua loaʻa kahi kahua ʻepekema hou i kapa ʻia ʻo "nanotoxicology", e nānā nei i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻano hoʻokolohua no ka noiʻi. a me ka loiloi ʻana i ka pilina ma waena o nā nanoparticles, ke kanaka a me ke kaiapuni.
ʻO nā pulupulu kalapona i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e ke kanaka, ʻo ia ka pulupulu kalapona, ka fiber seramika, ka fiber aniani a me ka fiber metala.Hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou no kekahi mau hana kūikawā i mea e hana ai i kekahi mau hana kūikawā.
Mahalo no kou manawa.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mar-20-2023