Fibers yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm textiles.Feem ntau hais lus, cov ntaub ntawv nrog cov kab uas hla ntawm ob peb microns mus rau kaum ntawm microns thiab nrog ntev yog ntau zaus ntawm lawv cov tuab tuaj yeem suav tias yog fibers.Ntawm lawv, cov ntev tshaj kaum millimeters uas muaj lub zog txaus thiab yooj yim tuaj yeem muab faib ua textile fibers, uas tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov xov paj, hlua thiab ntaub.
Muaj ntau hom textile fibers.Txawm li cas los xij, txhua yam yuav raug cais raws li cov fibers ntuj lossis tib neeg tsim fibers.
1. Ntuj Fibers
Ntuj fibers muaj xws li cov nroj tsuag los yog zaub fibers, tsiaj fibers thiab mineral fibers.
Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm muaj koob meej, paj rwb yog feem ntau siv fiber ntau, ua raws li linen (flax) thiab ramie.Flax fibers feem ntau yog siv, tab sis txij li lub fiber ntev ntawm flax yog luv luv (25 ~ 40 hli), flxa fibers tau ib txwm muab nrog paj rwb los yog polyester.Ramie, lub npe hu ua "Tuam Tshoj nyom", yog ib qho ruaj khov bast fiber ntau nrog lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj.Nws yog absorbent heev tab sis cov ntaub ua los ntawm nws crease thiab wrinkle yooj yim, yog li ramie feem ntau sib xyaw nrog hluavtaws fibers.
Tsiaj fibers yog los ntawm tus tsiaj cov plaub hau, piv txwv li, ntaub plaub, cashmere, mohair, ntxhuav plaub hau thiab luav plaub hau, thiab lwm yam, los yog los ntawm tus tsiaj caj pas secretion, xws li mulberry txhob lo lo ntxhuav thiab tussah.
Qhov feem ntau paub cov ntxhia fiber ntau yog asbestos, uas yog ib qho inorganic fiber ntau nrog cov nplaim taws zoo heev, tab sis kuj yog qhov txaus ntshai rau kev noj qab haus huv thiab, yog li ntawd, tsis siv tam sim no.
2. Tib neeg ua Fibers
Tib neeg tsim fibers tuaj yeem faib ua cov organic lossis inorganic fibers.Cov qub tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom: ib hom suav nrog cov tsim los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm ntuj polymers los tsim cov fibers rov ua dua tshiab raws li qee zaum hu ua, thiab lwm hom yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws los tsim cov khoom siv hluavtaws lossis fibers.
Feem ntau siv cov fibers regenerated yog Cupro fibers (CUP, cellulose fibers tau los ntawm cov txheej txheem cuprammonium) thiab Viscose (CV, cellulose fibers tau los ntawm cov txheej txheem viscose. Ob Cupro thiab Viscose tuaj yeem hu ua rayon).Acetate (CA, cellulose acetate fibers uas tsawg dua 92%, tab sis tsawg kawg yog 74%, ntawm pawg hydroxyl yog acetylated.) thiab triacetate (CTA, cellulose acetate fibers uas tsawg kawg 92% ntawm pawg hydroxyl yog acetylated.) yog lwm hom regenerated fibers.Lyocell ( CLY ), Modal ( CMD ) thiab Tencel yog tam sim no nrov regenerated cellulose fibers, uas tau tsim los ua kom tau raws li qhov kev thov rau ib puag ncig kev xav hauv lawv cov khoom.
Niaj hnub no, regenerated protein fibers kuj tau nrov.Ntawm cov no yog soyabean fibers, mis nyuj fibers thiab Chitosan fibers.Regenerated protein fibers tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau kev siv kho mob.
Synthetic fibers siv nyob rau hauv textiles feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm thee, roj av los yog natural gas, los ntawm cov monomers yog polymerized los ntawm txawv chemical reationd los ua siab molecular polymers nrog kuj yooj yim cov qauv tshuaj, uas yuav yaj los yog yaj nyob rau hauv haum solvents.Feem ntau siv cov hluavtaws fibers yog polyester (PES), polyamide (PA) lossis Nylon, polyethylene (PE), acrylic (PAN), modacrylic (MAC), polyamide (PA) thiab polyurethane (PU).Cov polyesters uas muaj ntxhiab xws li polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) thiab polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) kuj tau nrov.Ntxiv rau cov no, ntau cov hluavtaws fibers nrog cov khoom tshwj xeeb tau tsim, ntawm cov Nomex, Kevlar thiab Spectra fibers yuav paub.Ob leeg Nomex thiab Kevlar aer cov npe npe ntawm Dupont Tuam Txhab.Nomex yog meta-aramid fiber ntau nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo heev thiab Kevlar tuaj yeem siv los ua cov tsho tiv thaiv mos txwv vim nws lub zog txawv tshaj plaw.Spectra fiber ntau yog tsim los ntawm polyethylene, nrog ultra-siab molecular hnyav, thiab raug suav hais tias yog ib qho ntawm cov fibers muaj zog tshaj plaws thiab lub teeb tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb.Nws yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau armour, aerospace thiab high-kev ua si kis las zoo.Kev tshawb fawb tseem tab tom mus.Kev tshawb fawb ntawm nano fibers yog ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus kub tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv daim teb no thiab txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias nanoparticles muaj kev nyab xeeb rau mand thiab ib puag ncig, ib qho kev tshawb fawb tshiab hu ua "nanotoxicology" tau muab los, uas tam sim no saib ntawm kev tsim cov txheej txheem rau kev soj ntsuam. thiab ntsuas kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm nanoparticles, txiv neej thiab ib puag ncig.
Feem ntau siv inorganic man-made fibers yog carbon fibers, ceramic fibers, iav fibers thiab hlau fibers.Lawv feem ntau yog siv rau qee lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb txhawm rau ua qee yam haujlwm tshwj xeeb.
Ua tsaug rau koj lub sijhawm.
Post lub sij hawm: Mar-20-2023