Kupaka Zovala, Kusindikiza & Kumaliza

Apa ndikugawana zambiri za utoto wa nsalu, kusindikiza & kumaliza.

Kupaka utoto, kusindikiza & kumaliza ndi njira zofunika kwambiri popanga nsalu chifukwa zimapatsa mtundu, mawonekedwe, ndi chogwirira ku chinthu chomaliza.Njira zake zimadalira zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zida zomwe zimapangidwira komanso kapangidwe ka ulusi ndi nsalu.Kupaka utoto, kusindikiza & kumaliza kumatha kuchitidwa mosiyanasiyana pakupanga nsalu.

Ulusi wachilengedwe monga thonje kapena ubweya wa nkhosa ukhoza kupakidwa utoto usanalungidwe kukhala ulusi ndipo ulusi wopangidwa mwanjira imeneyi umatchedwa ulusi wodayidwa ndi ulusi.Utoto ukhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku njira zopota kapenanso mu tchipisi ta polima pamene ulusi wopangidwa ndi wowomba, ndipo motere, ulusi wopaka utoto kapena ulusi wopota amapangidwa.Pansalu zopaka utoto, ulusi umafunika kupakidwa utoto usanaluke kapena kuluka.Makina opaka utoto amapangidwa kuti azidaya ulusi ngati ma hanks osawoneka bwino kapena kuphatikizika.Makina oterowo amatchedwa makina odaya a hank ndi makina opaka utoto motsatana.

Kumaliza njira zanganso kuchitidwa pa zovala zomwe zidasonkhanitsidwa.Mwachitsanzo, zovala za denim zochapidwa m'njira zambiri, monga kuchapa miyala kapena kutsuka ma enzyme, ndizotchuka kwambiri masiku ano.Kupaka utoto kumatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mitundu ina ya zovala zoluka kuti apange zovala kuti apewe mthunzi wamitundu mkati mwake.

Komabe, nthawi zambiri utoto, kusindikiza & kumaliza kumachitika pansalu, zomwe nsalu zimalukidwa kapena kuluka ndiyeno nsalu za imvi kapena "greige" za boma, pambuyo pa chithandizo choyambirira, zimapakidwa utoto, / kapena kusindikizidwa, ndikumalizidwa ndi mankhwala kapena makina. .

Chithandizo Choyambirira

Kuti mukwaniritse zodziwikiratu "zosayembekezereka komanso zobwerezedwanso" pakupaka utoto ndi kumaliza, njira zina zoyambira ndizofunikira.Malingana ndi ndondomekoyi, nsalu zimatha kuchitidwa ngati zidutswa imodzi kapena magulu, kapena zosokedwa pamodzi pogwiritsa ntchito maunyolo a unyolo, kuti achotsedwe mosavuta kuti apangidwe pambuyo pake, kuti apange utali wautali wamagulu osiyanasiyana kuti apangidwe mosalekeza.

1. Kuyimba

Kuyimba ndi njira yowotcha ulusi kapena kugona pansalu kuti musadaye kapena kusindikiza zikwangwani.Nthawi zambiri, nsalu za thonje zotuwa zimafunika kuziyimbidwa mankhwala ena oyambilira asanayambe.Pali mitundu ingapo ya makina oimbira, monga oyimba mbale, woyimba wodzigudubuza komanso woyimba gasi.Makina oimbira mbale ndi mtundu wosavuta komanso wakale kwambiri.Nsalu yoyimba imadutsa mbale imodzi kapena ziwiri zamkuwa zotenthedwa ndi liwiro lalikulu kuti ichotse chogona koma osapsa ndi nsaluyo.M'makina oyimba odzigudubuza, zodzigudubuza zazitsulo zotenthetsera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa mbale zamkuwa kuti zizitha kuyendetsa bwino kutentha.Makina oyimba gasi, momwe nsalu imadutsa pa zoyatsira gasi kuti iziyimbe ulusi wapamtunda, ndi mtundu womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri masiku ano.Chiwerengero ndi malo a zoyatsira ndi kutalika kwa malawi angasinthidwe kuti akwaniritse zotsatira zabwino.

2. Kusintha

Pakuti warp ulusi, makamaka thonje, ntchito kuluka, sizing, kawirikawiri ntchito wowuma, zambiri zofunika kuchepetsa ulusi hairiness ndi kulimbikitsa ulusi kuti akhoza kupirira mikangano yoluka.Komabe kukula kotsalira pansaluko kungalepheretse mankhwala kapena utoto kukhudzana ndi ulusi wa nsaluyo.Chifukwa chake, kukula kwake kuyenera kuchotsedwa kusanayambike.

Njira yochotsera kukula kwa nsaluyo imatchedwa desizing kapena steeping.Kuchuluka kwa ma enzyme, kutulutsa kwa alkali kapena kutulutsa asidi kungagwiritsidwe ntchito.Pakupanga ma enzyme, nsaluzo zimakutidwa ndi madzi otentha kuti zifufuze wowuma, kenako amathiridwa mu mowa wa enzyme.Pambuyo pounikidwa mu milu kwa maola awiri kapena anayi, nsaluzo zimatsuka m'madzi otentha.Kupanga ma enzyme kumafuna nthawi yocheperako ndipo sikuwononga kwambiri nsalu, koma ngati atagwiritsidwa ntchito kukula kwa mankhwala m'malo mwa wowuma wa tirigu, ma enzyme sangachotse kukula kwake.Kenako, njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga desizing ndi alkali desizing.Nsaluzo zimayikidwa ndi njira yofooka ya soda ndikuwunjika mu bin yotsetsereka kwa maola 2 mpaka 12, kenako nkutsukidwa.Ngati pambuyo pake, nsaluzo zimathandizidwa ndi dilute sulfuric acid, zotsatira zabwino zitha kupezeka.

Pansalu zolukidwa, kukongoletsa sikofunikira chifukwa ulusi womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito poluka suli wamtali.

3. Kukwapula

Kwa katundu wotuwa wopangidwa ndi ulusi wachilengedwe, zodetsa pa ulusi ndizosapeweka.Mwachitsanzo, thonje likhoza kukhala phula, zinthu za pectin komanso masamba okhala ndi mchere.Zonyansazi zimatha kupangitsa ulusi wobiriwira kukhala wachikasu ndikupangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuzigwira.Zodetsa za phula mu ulusi ndi mawanga amafuta pansalu zitha kusokoneza zotsatira za utoto.

Kuphatikiza apo, kupaka phula kapena kuthira mafuta kungakhale kofunikira kuti ulusiwo ukhale wofewa komanso wosalala ndi ma coefficients ocheperako popota kapena kuluka.Pakuti kupanga filaments, makamaka amene ntchito mu warp kuluka, pamwamba yogwira wothandizila ndi malo amodzi zoletsa, amene kawirikawiri mwapadera anakonza mafuta emulsion, ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa warping, apo ayi filaments akhoza kunyamula milandu electrostatic, amene kwambiri kusokoneza kuluka kapena ntchito zoluka.

Zonyansa zonse kuphatikiza mafuta ndi sera ziyenera kuchotsedwa musanadaye ndi kumalizidwa, ndipo kuchapa kungathe kukwaniritsa cholingacho.Imodzi mwa njira zodziwika bwino zokopera nsalu za thonje zotuwa ndi zovala za kier.Nsalu ya thonje imapakidwa mofanana mu kier yotsekedwa mwamphamvu ndipo zakumwa zoledzeretsa zamchere zimafalitsidwa mu kier mopanikizika.Njira ina yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakukolopa ndikuwotcha mosalekeza ndipo kukwapula kumakonzedwa ndi zida zokonzedwa bwino, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mangle, J-box ndi makina ochapira odzigudubuza.

Chakumwa chamchere chamchere chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa nsalu kupyolera mu mangle, ndiyeno, nsaluyo imadyetsedwa mu bokosi la J, momwe nthunzi yodzaza imalowetsedwa kudzera mu chowotcha cha nthunzi, ndipo pambuyo pake, nsaluyo imawunjidwa mofanana.Pambuyo pa ola limodzi kapena angapo, nsaluyo imaperekedwa ku makina ochapira odzigudubuza.

4. Bvulira

Ngakhale kuti zonyansa zambiri munsalu za thonje kapena za bafuta zimatha kuchotsedwa pambuyo pa kukwapula, mtundu wachilengedwe umakhalabe munsaluyo.Kuti nsalu zotere zipake utoto wopepuka kapena kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito ngati nsalu zapansi zosindikizira, kuyeretsa ndikofunikira kuti muchotse mtundu wake.

The bleaching wothandizira kwenikweni ndi oxidizing wothandizira.Ma bleaching agents awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

Sodium hypochlorite (calcium hypochlorite ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito) ikhoza kukhala yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyeretsa.Bleaching ndi sodium hypochlorite nthawi zambiri amachitidwa pansi pa zinthu zamchere, chifukwa pansi pa ndale kapena acidic, sodium hypochlorite idzawonongeka kwambiri ndipo makutidwe ndi okosijeni a cellulosic fibers apitirire, zomwe zingapangitse ulusi wa cellulosic kukhala cellulose oxidized.Kuphatikiza apo, zitsulo monga chitsulo, faifi tambala ndi mkuwa ndi mankhwala ake ndi abwino kwambiri othandizira othandizira mu decompositon ya sodium hypochlorite, chifukwa chake zida zopangidwa ndi zinthu zotere sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito.

Hydrogen peroxide ndi mankhwala abwino kwambiri oyeretsa.Pali zabwino zambiri pakutsuka ndi hydrogen peroxide.Mwachitsanzo, nsalu ya bleached idzakhala yoyera bwino komanso yokhazikika, ndipo kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya nsalu kumakhala kochepa kuposa pamene bleached ndi sodium hypochlorite.Ndizotheka kuphatikiza ma desizing, scouring ndi bleaching process munjira imodzi.Kuthira mafuta ndi hydrogen peroxide kumachitika mochuluka mu njira yofooka ya alkali, ndipo zolimbitsa thupi monga sodium silicate kapena tri-ethanolamine ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa zitsulo zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa ndi mankhwala ake.

Sodium chlorite ndi chinthu chinanso chotupitsa, chomwe chimatha kupereka kuyera bwino munsalu ndikuwonongeka pang'ono kwa ulusi komanso ndikoyenera kukonzedwa mosalekeza.Kutsuka ndi sodium chlorite kuyenera kuchitidwa m'malo acidic.Komabe pamene sodium chlorite ikuwola, nthunzi ya chlorine dioxide idzatulutsidwa, ndipo izi ndizovulaza thanzi laumunthu ndipo zimawononga kwambiri zitsulo zambiri, mapulasitiki ndi labala.Chifukwa chake chitsulo cha titaniyamu nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zowunikira, ndipo chitetezo chofunikira ku nthunzi yoyipa kuyenera kutengedwa.Zonsezi zimapangitsa njira yoyeretsera iyi kukhala yodula.

Zikomo chifukwa cha nthawi yanu.