Ulusi ndi zinthu zoyambira za nsalu.Nthawi zambiri, zida zokhala ndi mainchesi kuyambira ma microns angapo mpaka ma microns makumi komanso kutalika kwake nthawi zambiri makulidwe ake amatha kuonedwa ngati ulusi.Pakati pawo, otalika kuposa makumi a millimeters omwe ali ndi mphamvu zokwanira komanso kusinthasintha akhoza kutchulidwa ngati ulusi wa nsalu, womwe ungagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga ulusi, zingwe ndi nsalu.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya ulusi wa nsalu.Komabe zonse zitha kugawidwa ngati ulusi wachilengedwe kapena ulusi wopangidwa ndi anthu.
1. Zingwe Zachilengedwe
Ulusi wachilengedwe umaphatikizapo ulusi wa zomera kapena masamba, ulusi wa nyama ndi ulusi wa mchere.
Kutengera kutchuka, thonje ndi ulusi womwe umakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, wotsatiridwa ndi bafuta (flax) ndi ramie.Ulusi wa fulakesi amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, koma popeza kutalika kwa ulusi wa fulakesi kumakhala kwaufupi (25 ~ 40 mm), ulusi wa flxa nthawi zambiri umasakanizidwa ndi thonje kapena poliyesitala.Ramie, wotchedwa "China udzu", ndi bast fiber yokhazikika yokhala ndi silky luster.Imayamwa kwambiri koma nsalu zopangidwa kuchokera pamenepo zimapindika ndikukwinyika mosavuta, motero ramie nthawi zambiri amasakanikirana ndi ulusi wopangira.
Ulusi wa nyama mwina umachokera ku ubweya wa nyama, mwachitsanzo, ubweya, cashmere, mohair, ubweya wa ngamila ndi ubweya wa akalulu, ndi zina zotero, kapena kuchokera ku gland ya nyama, monga silika wa mabulosi ndi tussah.
Minofu yachilengedwe yomwe imadziwika bwino kwambiri ndi asibesitosi, yomwe ndi inorganic fiber yokhala ndi mphamvu yabwino kwambiri yolimbana ndi lawi lamoto komanso ndi yowopsa ku thanzi ndipo, chifukwa chake, sikugwiritsidwa ntchito pano.
2. Zingwe Zopangidwa ndi Anthu
Ulusi wopangidwa ndi anthu ukhoza kugawidwa kukhala organic kapena inorganic ulusi.Zakale zimatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: mtundu umodzi umaphatikizapo opangidwa ndi kusintha kwa ma polima achilengedwe kuti apange ulusi wopangidwanso monga momwe amatchulidwira nthawi zina, ndipo mtundu wina umapangidwa kuchokera ku ma polima opangidwa kuti apange ulusi wopangira kapena ulusi.
Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimakhala za Cupro fibers (CUP, cellulose fibers yomwe imapezeka ndi ndondomeko ya cuprammonium) ndi Viscose (CV, ulusi wa cellulose womwe umapezeka ndi ndondomeko ya viscose. Zonse za Cupro ndi Viscose zikhoza kutchedwa rayon).Acetate (CA, ma cellulose acetate fibers omwe osachepera 92%, koma osachepera 74%, a magulu a hydroxyl ndi acetylated.) ndi mitundu ina ya ulusi wosinthika.Lyocell ( CLY ), Modal ( CMD ) ndi Tencel tsopano ndi otchuka opangidwanso ndi ma cellulose fibers, omwe adapangidwa kuti akwaniritse zofuna za chilengedwe pakupanga kwawo.
Masiku ano ulusi wopangidwanso ndi mapuloteni umakhala wotchuka.Zina mwa izo ndi ulusi wa soya, ulusi wa mkaka ndi ulusi wa Chitosan.Mapuloteni opangidwanso ndi oyenera kwambiri pazachipatala.
Ulusi wopangira nsalu womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito munsalu nthawi zambiri umapangidwa kuchokera ku malasha, mafuta a petroleum kapena gasi wachilengedwe, komwe ma monomers amapangidwa ndi ma polima kudzera mumankhwala osiyanasiyana opangidwanso kuti akhale ma polima apamwamba kwambiri okhala ndi mankhwala osavuta, omwe amatha kusungunuka kapena kusungunuka muzosungunulira zoyenera.Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri ndi polyester (PES), polyamide (PA) kapena Nylon, polyethylene (PE), acrylic (PAN), modacrylic (MAC), polyamide (PA) ndi polyurethane (PU).Ma polyesters onunkhira monga polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) ndi polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) akuyambanso kutchuka.Kuphatikiza pa izi, ulusi wambiri wopangidwa ndi zinthu zapadera zapangidwa, zomwe Nomex, Kevlar ndi Spectra fibers zidzadziwika.Onse a Nomex ndi Kevlar ali ndi mayina olembetsedwa a Kampani ya Dupont.Nomex ndi ulusi wa meta-aramid wokhala ndi katundu wabwino kwambiri woletsa moto ndipo Kevlar atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma vests oteteza zipolopolo chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zodabwitsa.Spectra fiber imapangidwa kuchokera ku polyethylene, yokhala ndi kulemera kwakukulu kwambiri kwa mamolekyulu, ndipo imatengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwazitsulo zolimba komanso zopepuka kwambiri padziko lapansi.Ndizoyenera makamaka zida zankhondo, zakuthambo komanso masewera ochita bwino kwambiri.Kafukufuku akupitilirabe.Kafukufuku wa nano fibers ndi imodzi mwamitu yotentha kwambiri pankhaniyi ndipo pofuna kuwonetsetsa kuti ma nanoparticles ndi otetezeka kwa mand ndi chilengedwe, gawo latsopano la sayansi lotchedwa "nanotoxicology" limachokera, lomwe panopa likuyang'ana kupanga njira zoyesera zofufuzira. ndikuwunika kuyanjana pakati pa nanoparticles, munthu ndi chilengedwe.
Ulusi wopangidwa ndi anthu womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi ulusi wa kaboni, ulusi wa ceramic, ulusi wagalasi ndi ulusi wazitsulo.Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zina zapadera kuti agwire ntchito zina zapadera.
Zikomo chifukwa cha nthawi yanu.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-20-2023