Hano ngiye gusangira amakuru ajyanye no gusiga irangi, gucapa & kurangiza.
Irangi, gucapa & kurangiza ni inzira zikomeye mugukora imyenda kuko itanga ibara, isura, hamwe nigicuruzwa cyanyuma.Inzira ziterwa nibikoresho byakoreshejwe, ibikoresho bigize hamwe nimiterere yimyenda nigitambara.Irangi, icapiro & kurangiza birashobora gukorwa mubyiciro bitandukanye mugukora imyenda.
Fibre naturel nka pamba cyangwa ubwoya irashobora gusiga irangi mbere yo kuzunguruka mumyenda hamwe nudodo twakozwe murubu buryo byitwa fibre irangi.Irangi rishobora kongerwaho ibisubizo bizunguruka cyangwa no muri chip ya polymer mugihe fibre synthique izunguruka, kandi, murubu buryo, hakozwe ibisubizo bisize irangi-irangi cyangwa imyenda irangi.Kubitambara bisize irangi, imyenda igomba gusiga irangi mbere yo kuboha cyangwa kuboha.Imashini zisiga irangi zagenewe gusiga irangi muburyo bwo gukomeretsa byoroshye cyangwa gukomeretsa mubipaki.Imashini nkizo zitwa amarangi yo gusiga hank.
Kurangiza inzira zanjye nazo zikorwa kumyenda yateranijwe.Kurugero, imyenda ya denim yogejwe muburyo bwinshi, nko gukaraba amabuye cyangwa gukaraba enzyme, irazwi cyane muriyi minsi.Irangi ry'imyenda rishobora kandi gukoreshwa muburyo bumwebumwe bw'imyenda yo kuboha imyenda kugirango wirinde igicucu muri bo.
Nyamara, mubihe byinshi, gusiga irangi, gucapa no kurangiza bikorwa kumyenda, aho imyenda iboshywe cyangwa ikaboshywa hanyuma iyi myenda ya leta ya gray cyangwa "greige", nyuma yubuvuzi bwambere, irangi, cyangwa / cyangwa icapwa, hamwe na chimique cyangwa imashini irangiye .
Ubuvuzi bwambere
Kugirango ugere ku "byavuzwe kandi byororoka" bisubirwamo mu gusiga irangi no kurangiza, birakenewe kuvurwa mbere.Ukurikije inzira, imyenda irashobora gufatwa nkibice kimwe cyangwa ibice, cyangwa bidoda hamwe ukoresheje ubudodo bwurunigi, byoroshye gukurwaho nyuma yo gutunganywa, kugirango habeho uburebure burebure bwibice bitandukanye kugirango bikomeze gutunganywa.
1. Kuririmba
Kuririmba ninzira yo gutwika fibre cyangwa gusinzira hejuru yigitambara kugirango wirinde irangi risa cyangwa icapiro.Muri rusange, impuzu ziboheye zipamba zigomba kuririmbwa mbere yuko ubundi buvuzi bwambere butangira.Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwimashini zo kuririmba, nkumuririmbyi wa plaque, kumuririmbyi wa roller numuririmbyi wa gaze.Imashini yo kuririmba isahani nubwoko bworoshye kandi bwa kera.Umwenda ugomba kuririmbwa unyura hejuru yicyapa kimwe cyangwa bibiri bishyushye byumuvuduko mwinshi kugirango ukureho ibitotsi ariko udatwitse umwenda.Mu mashini yo kuririmba ya roller, ibyuma bishyushya bikoreshwa aho gukoresha amasahani y'umuringa kugirango bigenzure neza ubushyuhe.Imashini yo kuririmba gaze, aho umwenda unyura hejuru yumuriro wa gaz kugirango uririmbe fibre yo hejuru, nubwoko bukoreshwa cyane muri iki gihe.Umubare numwanya wabatwika hamwe nuburebure bwumuriro birashobora guhinduka kugirango ugere kubisubizo byiza.
2. Gushushanya
Kubudodo bwintambara, cyane cyane ipamba, ikoreshwa mububoshyi, ubunini, ubusanzwe ukoresheje ibinyamisogwe, mubisanzwe birakenewe kugirango ugabanye ubwoya bwimyenda kandi ushimangire umugozi kugirango ubashe kwihanganira impagarara zububoshyi.Nyamara ingano isigaye ku mwenda irashobora kubuza imiti cyangwa amarangi guhura na fibre yigitambara.Kubwibyo, ingano igomba gukurwaho mbere yo gushakisha.
Inzira yo gukuraho ingano mumyenda yitwa desizing cyangwa guhagarara.Enzyme desizing, alkali desizing cyangwa aside desizing irashobora gukoreshwa.Muri enzyme desizing, imyenda yometseho amazi ashyushye kugirango babyimba ibinyamisogwe, hanyuma bigashyirwa mubinyobwa bya enzyme.Nyuma yo guhunikwa mubirundo mugihe cyamasaha 2 kugeza kuri 4, imyenda irasukwa mumazi ashyushye.Enzyme isobanura bisaba igihe gito kandi igatera kwangirika kwimyenda, ariko niba hakoreshejwe ingano yimiti aho gukoresha ibinyamisogwe by ingano, enzymes ntishobora gukuraho ubunini.Noneho, uburyo bukoreshwa cyane mugusuzugura ni alkali desizing.Imyenda yatewe mumuti udakomeye wa soda ya caustic hanyuma ikarundarunda mukibindi cyumwanya mugihe cyamasaha 2 kugeza 12, hanyuma ukakaraba.Niba nyuma yibyo, imyenda ivurwa na acide sulfurike, ibisubizo byiza birashobora kugerwaho.
Ku mwenda uboshye, gusuzugura ntibikenewe kuva ubudodo bukoreshwa mububoshyi ntabwo bunini.
3. Gukubita
Kubicuruzwa byijimye bikozwe mumibiri karemano, byanze bikunze umwanda uri kuri fibre.Dufashe nk'ipamba nk'urugero, hashobora kuba ibishashara, ibicuruzwa bya pectine kimwe n'imboga birimo imyunyu ngugu.Iyi myanda irashobora guha fibre mbisi ibara ry'umuhondo kandi bigatuma bikomera kubyitwaramo.Umwanda wibishashara mumibabi hamwe namavuta yibitambara kumyenda birashobora kugira ingaruka kubirangi.
Byongeye kandi, ibishashara cyangwa amavuta birashobora kuba nkenerwa kugirango ubudodo bwibanze bworoshye kandi bworoshye hamwe na coefficient zo hasi zo guterana kugirango zihindurwe cyangwa zibohe.Kuri sintetike ya sintetike, cyane cyane izakoreshwa mububoshyi bwintambara, ibintu bikora hejuru hamwe na static inhibitor, ubusanzwe ni emulioni yamavuta yihariye, bigomba gukoreshwa mugihe cyintambara, bitabaye ibyo filaments zishobora gutwara amashanyarazi ya electrostatike, bizahungabanya cyane kuboha cyangwa ibikorwa byo kuboha.
Umwanda wose urimo amavuta n'ibishashara bigomba kuvaho mbere yo gusiga irangi no kurangiza, kandi gusiba birashobora, kubwinshi, gukora intego.Bumwe mu buryo bukunze gushakishwa imyenda y'ipamba ni imyenda ya kier.Igitambara c'ipamba gipakirwa neza muri kier ifunze cyane kandi inzoga za alkaline zitetse zizunguruka muri kier mukibazo.Ubundi buryo bukunze gukoreshwa mugushakisha ni ugukomeza guhumeka kandi gusaka bitunganyirizwa mubikoresho byateguwe bikurikiranye, bigizwe na mangle, J-agasanduku n'imashini imesa.
Inzoga ya alkaline ishyirwa ku mwenda unyuze kuri mangle, hanyuma, umwenda ugaburirwa muri J-agasanduku, aho umwuka wuzuye watewe mu cyuma gishyushya, hanyuma, umwenda ukarundarunda kimwe.Nyuma yisaha imwe cyangwa myinshi, umwenda uhabwa imashini imesa.
4. Kuvomera
Nubwo imyanda myinshi iri mu ipamba cyangwa imyenda y'ibitambara irashobora gukurwaho nyuma yo kuyisaka, ibara risanzwe riguma mu mwenda.Kugirango imyenda nk'iyo irangwe irangi ryoroshye cyangwa gukoreshwa nk'imyenda y'ubutaka kugirango icapwe, guhumeka birakenewe kugirango ukureho ibara ryihariye.
Umuti wo guhumeka mubyukuri ni oxyde.Ibikoresho bikurikira bikoreshwa cyane.
Sodium hypochlorite (calcium hypochlorite nayo irashobora gukoreshwa) irashobora kuba imiti ikoreshwa cyane.Kuvanga hamwe na sodium hypochlorite muri rusange bikorwa mubihe bya alkaline, kubera ko mugihe kidafite aho kibogamiye cyangwa acide sodium hypochlorite izangirika cyane kandi okisiside ya fibre selile izakomeza gukomera, ibyo bigatuma fibre selile iba selile selile.Byongeye kandi, ibyuma nk'icyuma, nikel n'umuringa hamwe nibindi bivanga ni ibintu byiza cyane bya catalitiki muri decompositon ya sodium hypochlorite, kubwibyo ibikoresho bikozwe muri ibyo bikoresho ntibishobora gukoreshwa muribwo buryo.
Hydrogen peroxide nikintu cyiza cyo guhumanya.Hariho ibyiza byinshi byo guhumanya hamwe na hydrogen peroxide.Kurugero, umwenda wahanaguwe uzaba ufite umweru mwiza nuburyo butajegajega, kandi kugabanuka kwingufu zimyenda ntikurenze iyo guhumishijwe na sodium hypochlorite.Birashoboka guhuza desessing, gushakisha no guhumeka inzira imwe.Kuvanga hamwe na hydrogène peroxide ikorwa muburyo rusange mubisubizo bya alkali idakomeye, kandi stabilisateur nka sodium silikate cyangwa tri-etanolamine igomba gukoreshwa kugirango itsinde ibikorwa bya catalitiki yatewe nibyuma byavuzwe haruguru hamwe nibindi bivanga.
Sodium chlorite nubundi buryo bwo guhumanya, bushobora gutanga umweru mwiza mu mwenda wangiritse cyane kuri fibre kandi ikwiriye no guhora utunganywa.Kuvanga na sodium ya chlorite bigomba gukorwa mubihe bya acide.Icyakora, sodium chlorite yangirika, imyuka ya dioxyde de chlorine izarekurwa, kandi ibyo byangiza ubuzima bwabantu kandi byangirika cyane mubyuma byinshi, plastiki na reberi.Kubwibyo rero icyuma cya titanium gikoreshwa mugukora ibikoresho byo guhumeka, kandi hagomba gufatwa ingamba zo kwirinda ibyuka byangiza.Ibi byose bituma ubu buryo bwo guhumanya buhenze.
Urakoze kumwanya wawe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-20-2023