Pano ini ndiri kuenda kugovera ruzivo nezve machira ekudhaya, kudhinda & kupedzisa maitiro.
Kudhaya, kudhinda & kupedzisa maitiro akakosha mukugadzirwa kwemachira nekuti anopa ruvara, chitarisiko, uye mubato kune yekupedzisira chigadzirwa.Maitiro acho anoenderana nemidziyo inoshandiswa, izvo zvinoumba zvinhu uye chimiro cheshinda uye machira.Kudhaya, kudhinda & kupedzisa kunogona kuitwa pamatanho akasiyana mukugadzirwa kwemucheka.
Faibha dzechisikigo dzakaita sedonje kana mvere dzemakwai dzinogona kudhayiwa dzisati dzarukwa kuita shinda uye shinda dzinogadzirwa nenzira iyi dzinonzi shinda dzakadhayiwa neshinda.Dhayi dzinogona kuwedzerwa kune zvinorukwa mhinduro kana kunyange mumachipisi epolymer kana mafiber ekugadzira akarukwa, uye, nenzira iyi, shinda-dhayi-dhayi kana shinda-yakadhayiwa inogadzirwa.Pamachira ane dhayi, shinda dzinoda kudhayiwa dzisati dzarukwa kana kurukwa.Machina ekudhaya akagadzirirwa kudhayi shinda nenzira yemaronda asina maronda kana maronda mumapakeji.Michina yakadai inonzi hank dyeing uye mapakeji ekudhaya michina zvichiteerana.
Kupedzisa maitiro angu aitwewo pahembe dzakaunganidzwa.Semuyenzaniso, zvipfeko zvedenim zvakawachwa nenzira dzakawanda, dzakadai sokuwacha matombo kana kuwacha maenzayimu, zvakakurumbira zvikuru mazuva ano.Kudhayiwa kwembatya kunogona zvakare kushandiswa kune mamwe marudzi ezvipfeko kugadzira zvipfeko kuitira kudzivirira kupenya kwemavara mukati mazvo.
Nekudaro, kazhinji kudhaya, kudhinda & kupedzisa kunoitwa pamachira, ayo machira anorukwa kana kuruka uyezve aya egrey kana "greige" machira ehurumende, mushure mekurapwa kwekutanga, anodhayiwa, uye / kana kudhindwa, uye nemakemikari kana nemuchina anopedzwa. .
Preliminary Treatments
Kuti uwane "zvinofanotaurwa uye zvinogoneka" kudzoreredza mukudhaya nekupedza, kumwe kurapa kwekutanga kunodiwa.Zvichienderana nemaitiro, machira anogona kubatwa sezvimedu zvimwechete kana mabheti, kana kusonerwa pamwe chete uchishandisa cheni stitches, nyore kubviswa kune post-kugadzirisa, kugadzira hurefu hurefu hwemabheti akasiyana kuti arambe achigadziriswa.
1. Kuimba
Kuimba inzira yekupisa mafibhi kana kurara pajira rejira kuti udzivise kudhaya zvisina kuenzana kana kudhinda mablochi.Kazhinji kutaura, machira edonje egrey akarukwa anoda kuimbwa mamwe machira ekutanga asati atanga.Kune akati wandei emhando dzemichina yekuimba, senge muimbi wendiro, kune roller muimbi uye gasi muimbi.Muchina wekuimba ndiro ndiyo yakapfava uye yekare mhando.Jira richaimbwa rinopfuura pandiro imwe chete kana maviri emhangura inopisa nekumhanya kukuru kubvisa mubhedha asi pasina kupisa jira.Mumushini wekuimba weroller, simbi inopisa simbi inoshandiswa panzvimbo yemahwendefa emhangura kuti ipe kutonga kuri nani kwekupisa.Muchina wekuimba gasi, umo jira rinopfuura nepamusoro pezvinopisa gasi kuti riimbe shinda dzepamusoro, ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa mazuva ano.Nhamba uye nzvimbo yezvinopisa uye urefu hwemirazvo inogona kugadziriswa kuti iwane chigumisiro chakanaka.
2. Desizing
Kune shinda dzinochinjika, kunyanya donje, rinoshandiswa mukuruka, saizi, kazhinji uchishandisa starch, inowanzodikanwa kuderedza vhudzi reshinda uye kusimbisa shinda kuitira kuti igone kumira nekukakavadzana kwekuruka.Zvisineyi saizi yasara pajira inogona kutadzisa makemikari kana dhayi kubata shinda dzejira.Naizvozvo saizi yacho inofanira kubviswa isati yatanga.
Maitiro ekubvisa saizi kubva mumucheka anonzi desizing kana steeping.Enzyme deizing, alkali deizing kana acid deizing inogona kushandiswa.Mukuita enzyme, machira anoputirwa nemvura inopisa kuti azvimbe starch, yozoiswa mudoro re enzyme.Mushure mekuiswa mumirwi kwemaawa maviri kusvika mana, machira anogezwa mumvura inopisa.Enzyme deizing inoda nguva shoma uye inokonzeresa kukuvara kushoma kumachira, asi kana saizi yemakemikari pachinzvimbo chegorosi starch ikashandiswa, ma enzymes anogona kusabvisa saizi.Zvadaro, iyo nzira inoshandiswa zvakanyanya yekubvisa ndeye alkali desizing.Micheka inoiswa nemhinduro isina kusimba yecaustic soda uye inotutira mubhini rinokwira kwemaawa maviri kusvika gumi nemaviri, yobva yasukwa.Kana mushure meizvozvo, machira anobatwa ne dilute sulfuric acid, mhedzisiro iri nani inogona kuwanikwa.
Pamachira akarukwa, kudhirowa hakudiwi sezvo shinda dzinoshandiswa mukuruka hadzina hukuru.
3. Kusvirwa
Kune grey zvinhu zvakagadzirwa nemafuta echisikigo, kusvibiswa pamafibhi hazvidzivisiki.Tichitora donje semuenzaniso, panogona kunge paine wakisi, zvigadzirwa zvepectin pamwe nemuriwo ane mineral substances mazviri.Tsvina idzi dzinogona kupa shinda dzakasvibira ruvara rweyero uye kuita kuti dzive dzakaoma kubata.Kusachena kwenamo mumafayibha uye makwapa emafuta pamachira anogona kukanganisa mhedzisiro yekudhaya.
Pamusoro pazvo, wakisi kana kuzora mafuta kungave kuri madikanwa kuita kuti shinda huru dzipfave uye dzakatsvedzerera nemakoefifiti akaderera ekumonereka kana kuruka.Kune mafilaments ekugadzira, kunyanya ayo anofanirwa kushandiswa mukurukwa kwewarp, maajenti epamusoro anoshanda uye static inhibitors, ayo anowanzo kuve akanyatsogadzirwa emulsion yemafuta, anofanirwa kushandiswa panguva yehondo, zvikasadaro mafilaments anogona kutakura magetsi emagetsi, izvo zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya kuruka zviito zvekuruka.
Tsvina yese inosanganisira oiri nenamo inofanira kubviswa isati yadhayiwa uye yapera, uye kukwesha kunogona, kusvika pamwero mukuru, kuita chinangwa chacho.Imwe yedzakajairika nzira yekukwesha yekotoni grey jira ndeye kier zvipfeko.Iro jira rekotoni rakarongedzwa zvakaenzana mukier yakavharwa zvakasimba uye inofashaidza alkaline zvinwiwa zvinotenderedzwa mukier pasi pekumanikidzwa.Imwe nzira inowanzo shandiswa mukukwesha ndeyekuenderera mberi nekuputira uye scouring inogadziriswa mune yakarongwa midziyo, iyo yakawanda inosanganisira mangle, J-bhokisi uye roller yekuwachisa muchina.
Doro re alkaline rinoiswa pamucheka kuburikidza nemangle, uyezve, jira rinodyiswa muJ-bhokisi, umo mhepo yakasviba inobaiwa kuburikidza nemhepo inopisa, uye mushure mezvo, jira rinoputirwa zvakafanana.Mushure meawa imwe kana kupfuura, jira rinounzwa kumuchina wekugeza roller.
4. Bvuura
Kunyange zvazvo tsvina yakawanda mumucheka wekotoni kana yerineni inogona kubviswa mushure mekutsvaira, ruvara rwepanyama runoramba rwuri mumucheka.Kuti micheka yakadaro idhayirwe kune ruvara rwakajeka kana kuti ishandiswe semachira epasi ekudhinda, bleaching inodiwa kuti ibvise ruvara rwekuzvarwa.
Iyo bleaching agent ndeye oxidizing agent.Izvi zvinotevera bleaching agents zvinowanzoshandiswa.
Sodium hypochlorite (calcium hypochlorite inogonawo kushandiswa) inogona kunge iri iyo inowanzoshandiswa bleaching agent.Bleaching ine sodium hypochlorite inowanzoitwa pasi pemamiriro ealkaline, nekuti pasi pezvakarerekera kana acidic mamiriro sodium hypochlorite inozoora zvakanyanya uye oxidization yecellulosic fiber inowedzerwa, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti cellulosic fiber ive oxidized cellulose.Uyezve, simbi dzakadai sesimbi, nickel uye mhangura uye macompounds ayo akanaka kwazvo ekugadzirisa majekiseni mukuora kwe sodium hypochlorite, saka michina yakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvakadaro haigone kushandiswa mukuita.
Hydrogen peroxide ndiyo yakanakisa bleaching agent.Pane zvakawanda zvakanakira bleaching ne hydrogen peroxide.Semuenzaniso, jira rakacheneswa richava nekuchena kwakanaka uye chimiro chakagadzikana, uye kuderedzwa kwesimba remachira kushoma pane iyo kana yakasvibiswa ne sodium hypochlorite.Zvinogoneka kusanganisa maitiro ekuita, kukorobha uye bleaching kuita imwe nzira.Bleaching nehydrogen peroxide inowanzoitwa mune isina simba alkali solution, uye stabilizers sesodium silicate kana tri-ethanolamine inofanira kushandiswa kukurira zviito zvinokonzeresa zvinokonzerwa nesimbi dzataurwa pamusoro apa nemakomponi awo.
Sodium chlorite ndiyo imwe bleaching agent, iyo inogona kupa kuchena kwakanaka mumucheka ine kukuvara kushoma kune fiber uye inokodzerawo kuramba uchigadziriswa.Kuchenesa nesodium chlorite kunofanirwa kuitwa munzvimbo dzine acidic.Zvisinei sezvo sodium chlorite yakaora, chlorine dioxide mhute ichasunungurwa, uye izvi zvinokuvadza kuhutano hwevanhu uye zvinoparadza zvakasimba kune dzakawanda simbi, mapurasitiki uye rabha.Naizvozvo titanium simbi inowanzo shandiswa kugadzira midziyo yekuvheneka, uye dziviriro inodiwa pamhepo inokuvadza inofanira kutorwa.Zvose izvi zvinoita kuti nzira iyi yekuchenesa idhure.
Ndatenda nenguva yenyu.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-20-2023