Fibers zvinhu zvekutanga zvemachira.Kazhinji, zvinhu zvine madhayamita anotangira kubva kumamicron akati wandei kusvika kumakumi emakironi uye nehurefu huri nguva zhinji dzehukobvu hwazvo hunogona kutorwa seshinda.Pakati pavo, iwo akareba kupfuura makumi emamirimita ane simba rakakwana uye kuchinjika anogona kuverengerwa semachira machira, ayo anogona kushandiswa kugadzira shinda, tambo uye machira.
Kune marudzi akawanda emachira eshinda.Zvakadaro zvese zvinogona kuverengerwa semafibhi echisikigo kana shinda dzakagadzirwa nevanhu.
1. Natural Fibers
Faibha dzechisikigo dzinosanganisira shinda dzechirimwa kana dzemuriwo, faibha dzemhuka nemamineral fibers.
Panyaya yemukurumbira, donje ndiyo fiber inonyanya kushandiswa, ichiteverwa nerineni (flax) neramie.Filakisi inowanzoshandiswa, asi sezvo kureba kwefiber yeflakisi kuri kupfupika (25~40 mm), flxa faibha dzagara dzakasanganiswa nedonje kana polyester.Ramie, iyo inonzi "China huswa", inogara yakasimba bast fiber ine silky lustre.Inonyudza zvakanyanya asi machira akagadzirwa kubva mairi anokwenya uye kuunyana zviri nyore, saka ramie anowanzo kusanganiswa nesynthetic fibers.
Fizi dzemhuka dzinobva mumvere dzemhuka, semuenzaniso, makushe, cashmere, mohair, mvere dzengamera nemvere dzetsuro, zvichingodaro, kana kubva paganda remhuka, senge sirika yemubheri uye tussah.
Iyo inowanzo zivikanwa yemaminerari mamineral fiber isbestos, iyo inorganic fiber ine yakanaka kwazvo yekudzivirira murazvo asi ine ngozi kune hutano uye, saka, haisati yashandiswa ikozvino.
2. Fibers dzakagadzirwa nevanhu
Faibha dzakagadzirwa nevanhu dzinogona kuverengerwa kunge organic kana inorganic fibers.Iyo yekutanga inogona kuve yakakamurwa kuita mhando mbiri: imwe mhando inosanganisira idzo dzakagadzirwa neshanduko yemapolima echisikigo kuti abudise mafiritsi akagadziridzwa sezvaanombodanwa, uye imwe mhando inogadzirwa kubva mukugadzira mapolymers kugadzira mafilaments ekugadzira kana shinda.
Kazhinji inoshandiswa patsva fibers ndeye Cupro fibers (CUP, cellulose fibers inowanikwa ne cuprammonium process) uye Viscose (CV, cellulose fibers inowanikwa nenzira ye viscose. Zvose Cupro uye Viscose zvinogona kunzi rayon).Acetate (CA, cellulose acetate fibers umo isingasviki 92%, asi zvishoma ne74%, yemapoka e-hydroxyl ari acetylated.) uye triacetate (CTA, cellulose acetate fibers umo inenge 92% yemapoka e-hydroxyl acetylated.) mamwe marudzi efibers dzakagadzirwa patsva.Lyocell (CLY), Modal (CMD) uye Tencel ikozvino yakakurumbira regenerated cellulose fibers, iyo yakagadziridzwa kuti isangane nezvinodiwa zvekutariswa kwezvakatipoteredza mukugadzirwa kwavo.
Mazuva ano maprotein fibers akagadziridzwa zvakare ari kuve akakurumbira.Pakati peizvi pane shinda dzesoyabean, shinda dzemukaka neChitosan fibres.Regenerated protein fibers inonyanya kukodzera kushandiswa kwezvokurapa.
Synthetic fibers anoshandiswa mumachira anowanzo gadzirwa kubva kumarasha, peturu kana gasi rechisikigo, kubva mamonomers anoitwa polymer kuburikidza neakasiyana kemikari akadzokororwa kuti ave akakwira mamorekuru mapolymer ane akareruka makemikari zvimiro, anogona kunyungudutswa kana kunyungudutswa mune akakodzera zvinonyungudutsa.Inowanzo shandiswa michina yekugadzira polyester (PES), polyamide (PA) kana Nylon, polyethylene (PE), acrylic (PAN), modacrylic (MAC), polyamide (PA) uye polyurethane (PU).Mapolyester anonhuwirira akadai sepolytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) uye polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) ari kuitawo mukurumbira.Pamusoro peizvi, mafibhi akawanda ekugadzira ane akakosha zvinhu akagadzirwa, ayo Nomex, Kevlar uye Spectra fibers anozozivikanwa.Vese Nomex naKevlar vanoisa mazita akanyoreswa emhando yeDupont Company.Nomex is a meta-aramid faibha ine yakanakisa murazvo unodzoreredza pfuma uye Kevlar inogona kushandiswa kugadzira mabara-proof vest nekuda kwesimba rayo rinoshamisa.Spectra fiber inogadzirwa kubva ku polyethylene, ine Ultra-yakakwira molecular uremu, uye inoonekwa seimwe yakasimba uye yakareruka mafiibhi pasi.Iyo inonyanya kukodzera kune zvombo, aerospace uye yakakwirira-kuita mitambo yakanaka.Tsvakurudzo ichiri kuenderera mberi.Tsvagiridzo ye nano fibers ndiyo imwe yemisoro inopisa mundima iyi uye kuitira kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti nanoparticles dzakachengeteka kune mand uye nharaunda, nzvimbo nyowani yesainzi inonzi "nanotoxicology" inotorwa, iyo parizvino inotarisa kugadzira nzira dzekuyedza dzekuongorora. uye kuongorora kudyidzana pakati pe nanoparticles, munhu uye zvakatipoteredza.
Faibha dzinowanzo shandiswa inorganic yakagadzirwa nevanhu icarbon fibres, ceramic fibres, glass fibers nesimbi fibres.Iwo anonyanya kushandiswa kune zvimwe zvakakosha kuti aite mamwe mabasa akakosha.
Ndatenda nenguva yenyu.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-20-2023