Apha ndizakwabelana ngolwazi malunga nokudaywa kwelaphu, ukuprinta kunye nenkqubo yokugqiba.
Ukudaya, ukuprinta kunye nokugqiba ziinkqubo ezibalulekileyo ekwenziweni kwamalaphu kuba zinika umbala, inkangeleko, kunye nokuphatha kwimveliso yokugqibela.Iinkqubo zixhomekeke kwisixhobo esisetyenzisiweyo, izinto ezisisiseko kunye nesakhiwo semisonto kunye namalaphu.Ukudaya, ukuprinta kunye nokugqiba kunokuqhutywa kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo kwimveliso yelaphu.
Iintsinga zendalo ezifana nomqhaphu okanye uboya zinokudaywa phambi kokuba zijikwe zibe yimisonto kunye nemisonto eveliswe ngolu hlobo ibizwa ngokuba yimisonto edaywe ngefiber.Idayi zinokongezwa kwizisombululo zokusonta okanye kwiitshiphusi zepolymer xa iintsinga zokwenziwa zisontelwe, kwaye, ngale ndlela, imisonto edaywe ngesisombululo okanye imisonto edayiwe yenziwe.Kwilaphu elidaywe ngelaphu, imisonto kufuneka idayiwe ngaphambi kokulukwa okanye ukunithwa.Oomatshini bokudaya bayilelwe ukudaya imisonto ngokwemo yeehanki zenxeba elixengaxengayo okanye benze iipakethe.Oomatshini abanjalo babizwa ngokuba yi-hank dyeing kunye noomatshini bokudaya bepakethe ngokulandelelanayo.
Iinkqubo zokugqiba kwam nazo zenziwa kwiimpahla ezidityanisiweyo.Umzekelo, iimpahla zedenim ezihlanjwa ngeendlela ezininzi, njengokuhlanjwa kwamatye okanye ukuhlamba i-enzyme, zithandwa kakhulu kule mihla.Ukudaya kwempahla kunokusetyenziselwa ezinye iintlobo zeengubo ezinithiweyo ukuvelisa iimpahla ukunqanda ukuthotywa kombala kuzo.
Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezininzi ukudaya, ukuprinta kunye nokugqitywa kwenziwa kwiilaphu, apho amalaphu alukwa okanye athuthiwe kwaye emva koko la malaphu angwevu okanye "greige" karhulumente, emva konyango lwangaphambili, adayiwe, kunye / okanye aprintwe, kwaye agqitywe ngokwekhemikhali okanye ngoomatshini. .
Unyango lokuqala
Ukuze kuphunyezwe iziphumo “eziqikelelwayo nezinokuphinda zenziwe kwakhona” ekudayeni nasekugqibeni, olunye unyango lwangaphambili luyimfuneko.Ngokuxhomekeke kwinkqubo, amalaphu anokuphathwa njengeziqwenga okanye iibhetshi ezingatshatanga, okanye zithungwe kunye kusetyenziswa izititshi zekhonkco, ngokulula ukuba zisuswe kwi-post-processing, ukudala ubude obude beebhetshi ezahlukeneyo zokuqhubekeka.
1. Ukucula
Ukucula yinkqubo yokutshisa imicu okanye ukulala kumphezulu welaphu ukunqanda ukudaya okungalinganiyo okanye amabala okushicilela.Ngokuqhelekileyo, amalaphu aphothiweyo angwevu kufuneka aculwe phambi kokuba kuqaliswe olunye unyango.Kukho iindidi ezininzi zoomatshini bokucula, njengemvumi yeepleyiti, ukuya kwimvumi eqengqelekayo kunye nemvumi yerhasi.Umatshini wokucula ipleyiti lolona hlobo lulula noludala.Ilaphu eliza kuculwa lidlula phezu kwepleyiti enye okanye ezimbini zobhedu ezifudunyeziweyo ngesantya esiphezulu ukususa isihlwathi kodwa ngaphandle kokutshisa ilaphu.Kumatshini wokucula we-roller, ii-roller zensimbi ezifudumalayo zisetyenziselwa endaweni yamacwecwe obhedu ukunika ulawulo olungcono lokufudumala.Umatshini wokucula igesi, apho ilaphu lidlula kwizitshisi zerhasi ukuze licule imicu engaphezulu, lolona hlobo lusetyenziswayo namhlanje.Inani kunye nesikhundla sezitshisi kunye nobude bamalangatye bunokulungelelaniswa ukufezekisa umphumo ongcono.
2. Ukunciphisa
Kuba imisonto warp, ingakumbi umqhaphu, esetyenziswa ukuluka, ubukhulu, ngokuqhelekileyo usebenzisa istatshi, ngokubanzi kuyimfuneko ukunciphisa umsonto hairiness kwaye womeleze umsonto ukuze akwazi ukumelana noxinzelelo lokuluka.Nangona kunjalo ubukhulu obushiyekileyo elaphuni bunokuthintela imichiza okanye idayi ekudibaneni nemicu yelaphu.Ngenxa yoko, ubungakanani kufuneka bususwe ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukucoca.
Inkqubo yokususa ubungakanani kwilaphu ibizwa ngokuba yi-desizing okanye i-steeping.I-enzyme desizing, i-alkali desizing okanye i-asidi ingasetyenziswa.Ekwenzeni i-enzyme, amalaphu adityaniswe ngamanzi ashushu ukudumba isitashi, emva koko afakwe kutywala be-enzyme.Emva kokufakwa kwiimfumba iiyure ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-4, amalaphu ahlanjwa ngamanzi ashushu.Ukwenziwa kwe-enzyme kufuna ixesha elincinci kwaye kubangela umonakalo omncinci kumalaphu, kodwa ukuba ubungakanani bekhemikhali endaweni yesitatshi sengqolowa kusetyenziswa, ii-enzymes zinokungabususi ubukhulu.Emva koko, indlela esetyenziswa ngokubanzi yokususa i-alkali desizing.Amalaphu afakwe kwisisombululo esibuthathaka sesoda ye-caustic kwaye afakwe kwi-bin ejikelezayo kwiiyure ezi-2 ukuya kwe-12, emva koko ahlanjwe.Ukuba emva koko, iingubo ziphathwa nge-asidi ye-sulfuric dilute, iziphumo ezingcono zinokufumaneka.
Kwilaphu elinithiweyo, ukudizayiza akufuneki kuba imisonto esetyenziselwa ukunitha ayinabungakanani.
3. Ukucoca
Kwiimpahla ezingwevu ezenziwe ngeefiber zendalo, ukungcola kwiifibers akunakuphepheka.Ukuthatha umqhaphu njengomzekelo, kunokubakho i-wax, iimveliso ze-pectin kunye nemifuno kunye ne-mineral substances kuzo.Oku kungcola kunokwenza imicu ekrwada ibe nombala otyheli ize iyenze ibe rhabaxa ukuyiphatha.Ukungcola kwe-waxy kwiintsinga kunye namabala e-oyile emalaphuni kunokwenzeka ukuba kuchaphazele iziphumo zokudaya.
Ngaphaya koko, ukuweksa okanye ukufaka i-oyile kusenokuba yimfuneko ukwenza imisonto esisiseko ithambe kwaye igudiswe kunye ne-coefficients esezantsi yokujija okanye ukunitha.Kwimicu yokwenziwa, ngakumbi ezo ziza kusetyenziswa kwi-warp knitting, ii-agent ezisebenzayo kumphezulu kunye ne-static inhibitors, ezidla ngokuba yi-emulsion yeoli eyenziwe ngokukodwa, kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngexesha lokulwa, kungenjalo iifilaments zinokuthwala iintlawulo ze-electrostatic, eziya kuphazamisa kakhulu ukunitha okanye izenzo zokuluka.
Konke ukungcola okubandakanya ioyile kunye newax kufuneka kususwe ngaphambi kokudaywa nokugqitywa, kwaye ukukhuhla kunokufeza injongo enkulu.Enye yeendlela eziqhelekileyo zokuhlanjululwa kwelaphu le-cotton grey yimpahla ye-kier.Ilaphu lomqhaphu lipakishwe ngokulinganayo kwi-kier evalwe ngokuqinileyo kwaye utywala obubilisayo be-alkaline bujikeleziswa kwi-kier phantsi koxinzelelo.Enye indlela esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ekukhuhleni kukuqhumisa ngokuqhubekayo kwaye ukuhlamba kusetyenzwa kwizixhobo ezicwangcisiweyo ezicwangcisiweyo, ezibandakanya i-mangle, i-J-box kunye nomatshini wokuhlamba we-roller.
Utywala be-alkaline busetyenziswa kwilaphu nge-mangle, kwaye emva koko, ilaphu lidliswa kwibhokisi ye-J, apho i-steam egcweleyo ifakwe kwi-heater yomphunga, kwaye emva koko, ilaphu lifakwe ngokufanayo.Emva kweyure enye okanye ngaphezulu, ilaphu lihanjiswa kumatshini wokuhlamba i-roller.
4. Ukucoca
Nangona ubuninzi bokungcola kwikotoni okanye kwiilaphu zelinen kunokususwa emva kokukhuhla, umbala wendalo usahlala kwilaphu.Ukuze amalaphu anjalo adaywe kumbala okhanyayo okanye asetyenziswe njengamalaphu asemhlabeni okushicilela, i-bleaching iyimfuneko ukususa umbala wendalo.
I-agent ye-bleaching ngokwenene yi-agent e-oxidizing.Ezi arhente zilandelayo zokuthambisa zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo.
I-sodium hypochlorite (i-calcium hypochlorite ingasetyenziswa kwakhona) inokuba yi-agent esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo.I-bleaching kunye ne-sodium hypochlorite ngokuqhelekileyo yenziwa phantsi kweemeko ze-alkaline, ngenxa yokuba phantsi kweemeko ezingathathi hlangothi okanye ezine-acidic i-sodium hypochlorite iya kuchithwa kakhulu kwaye i-oxidization ye-cellulosic fibers iya kuqiniswa, enokwenza ukuba i-cellulosic fibers ibe yi-cellulose oxidized.Ngaphezu koko, isinyithi ezifana nentsimbi, i-nickel kunye nobhedu kunye neekhompawundi zabo zilungile kakhulu i-catalytic agents kwi-decompositon ye-sodium hypochlorite, ngoko ke izixhobo ezenziwe ngezinto ezinjalo azikwazi ukusetyenziswa kwinkqubo.
Iperoksayidi yeHydrogen yeyona arhente ibalaseleyo yokuthambisa.Zininzi iingenelo zokucoca ngehydrogen peroxide.Ngokomzekelo, i-bleached fabric bleached iya kuba mhlophe kunye nesakhiwo esizinzile, kwaye ukunciphisa amandla endwangu kungaphantsi kwaloo nto xa ixutywe nge-sodium hypochlorite.Kunokwenzeka ukudibanisa iinkqubo ze-desizing, scouring kunye ne-bleaching zibe yinkqubo enye.I-bleaching nge-hydrogen peroxide yenziwa ngokubanzi kwisisombululo se-alkali esibuthathaka, kwaye izinzile ezifana ne-sodium silicate okanye i-tri-ethanolamine kufuneka zisetyenziswe ukoyisa izenzo ze-catalytic ezibangelwa yintsimbi ekhankanywe ngasentla kunye neekhompawundi zazo.
I-sodium chlorite yenye i-agent ye-bleaching, enokuthi ifake ubumhlophe obuhle kwilaphu kunye nomonakalo omncinci kwifiber kwaye ifanelekile ukuqhutyelwa okuqhubekayo.Ukucoca ngesodium chlorite kufuneka kwenziwe kwiimeko ezineasidi.Nangona kunjalo njengoko i-sodium chlorite ibola, umphunga we-chlorine dioksidi uya kukhululwa, kwaye oku kuyingozi kwimpilo yabantu kwaye kuyingozi kakhulu kwiintsimbi ezininzi, iiplastiki kunye nerabha.Ke ngoko isinyithi se-titanium sisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukwenza izixhobo zokuthambisa, kwaye ukhuseleko oluyimfuneko kumphunga onobungozi kuya kufuneka kuthatyathwe.Zonke ezi zinto zenza ukuba le ndlela yokwenza iblikhi ibize kakhulu.
Enkosi ngexesha lakho.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-20-2023