Iifayibha zizinto ezisisiseko zeempahla.Xa sithetha ngokubanzi, imathiriyeli ezinobubanzi obususela kwiimicrons ezininzi ukuya kumashumi eemicrons kunye nobude obungamaxesha amaninzi obunzima bazo zinokuthathwa njengeentsinga.Phakathi kwazo, ezo zinde ngaphezu kwamashumi eemilimitha ezinamandla okwaneleyo kunye nokuguquguquka zingahlelwa njengeentambo ze-textile, ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe ukuvelisa iintambo, iintambo kunye neendwangu.
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zemicu yelaphu.Nangona kunjalo zonke zinokuhlelwa njengeentsinga zendalo okanye iintsinga ezenziwe ngumntu.
1. IiFiber zeNdalo
Iintsinga zendalo ziquka iifayibha zezityalo okanye zemifuno, iintsinga zezilwanyana kunye neentsinga zeminerali.
Ngokubhekiselele ekudumeni, umqhaphu lolona cwecwe lusetyenziswa kakhulu, lulandelwa yilinen (flax) kunye neramie.Iintsinga zeflakisi zidla ngokusetyenziswa, kodwa ekubeni ubude befilakisi bufutshane kakhulu (25 ~ 40 mm), iifiber zeflxa ngokwesiko zadityaniswa nomqhaphu okanye ipolyester.I-Ramie, ebizwa ngokuba "yingca yaseChina", yifayibha ehlala ixesha elide ene-silky lustre.Ifunxa kakhulu kodwa amalaphu enziwe ngayo ayakrazuka kwaye ashwabene ngokulula, ngoko ke iramie isoloko idityaniswa neentsinga zokwenziwa.
Imicu yezilwanyana inokuba ivela kuboya besilwanyana, umzekelo, uboya, ikheshmere, imohair, uboya benkamela kunye noboya bemivundla, njl.
Ifiber yendalo eyaziwayo kakhulu yi-asbestos, eyi-fiber ye-inorganic enokumelana nelangatye elungileyo kodwa inobungozi empilweni kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ayisetyenziswa ngoku.
2. IiFiber ezenziwe ngabantu
Iintsinga ezenziwe ngumntu zinokuhlelwa njengeentsinga eziphilayo okanye ezingaphiliyo.Eyangaphambili inokuthi ihlelwe kwiintlobo ezimbini: uhlobo olulodwa lubandakanya ezo zenziwe ngokuguqulwa kweepolymers zendalo ukuvelisa iifayili ezihlaziyiweyo njengoko zibizwa ngamanye amaxesha, kwaye olunye uhlobo lwenziwe kwiipolymers zokwenziwa ukuvelisa iifilaments zokwenziwa okanye iifibers.
Iifayili ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ezihlaziyiweyo ziyi-Cupro fibers (i-CUP, i-cellulose fibers efunyenwe yinkqubo ye-cuprammonium) kunye ne-Viscose (i-CV, i-cellulose fibers efunyenwe yinkqubo ye-viscose. Zombini i-Cupro kunye ne-Viscose ingabizwa ngokuba yi-rayon).I-Acetate (i-CA, i-cellulose acetate fibers apho ngaphantsi kwe-92%, kodwa ubuncinane i-74%, yamaqela e-hydroxyl acetylated.) kunye ne-triacetate (CTA, i-cellulose acetate fibers apho ubuncinane i-92% yamaqela e-hydroxyl acetylated.) zezinye iindidi zeentsinga ezihlaziyiweyo.I-Lyocell (i-CLY), i-Modal (i-CMD) kunye ne-Tencel ngoku ziyaziwa ngokutsha ii-cellulose fibers, eziye zaphuhliswa ukuhlangabezana nemfuno yokuqwalaselwa kokusingqongileyo kwimveliso yazo.
Kule mihla, imicu yeprotheyini ehlaziyiweyo nayo iya ithandwa kakhulu.Phakathi kwezi ziintsinga zeembotyi zesoya, iintsinga zobisi kunye neChitosan fibers.Iifiber zeprotheyini ezihlaziyiweyo zifaneleke ngokukodwa kwizicelo zonyango.
Iintsinga ze-Synthetic ezisetyenziswa kwilaphu ngokubanzi zenziwa ngamalahle, i-petroleum okanye igesi yendalo, apho ii-monomers zenziwa ipolymerized ngokusebenzisa iikhemikhali ezahlukeneyo eziphindwe kabini ukuze zibe ziipolymers zemolekyuli eziphezulu ezinokwakheka kweekhemikhali ezilula, ezinokunyibilikiswa okanye zinyibilike kwizinyibilikisi ezifanelekileyo.Iifayili zokwenziwa ngokuqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswayo ziyi-polyester (PES), i-polyamide (PA) okanye iNylon, i-polyethylene (PE), i-acrylic (PAN), i-modacrylic (MAC), i-polyamide (PA) kunye ne-polyurethane (PU).I-polyesters enevumba elimnandi njenge-polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), i-polyethylene terephthalate (i-PET) kunye ne-polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) nazo ziyaziwayo.Ukongeza kwezi, ezininzi iifayili zokwenziwa ezineempawu ezizodwa ziye zaphuhliswa, apho i-Nomex, i-Kevlar kunye ne-Spectra fibers ziya kwaziwa.Bobabini uNomex kunye no-Kevlar babhala amagama ebhrendi abhalisiweyo eNkampani yaseDupont.I-Nomex yifayibha ye-meta-aramid enepropathi egqwesileyo ye-flame retardant kwaye i-Kevlar ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza iivesti ze-bullet-proof ngenxa yamandla ayo angaqhelekanga.I-Spectra fiber yenziwe nge-polyethylene, kunye ne-ultra-high high molecular weight, kwaye ithathwa njengenye yezona ntsinga zinamandla kwaye zikhaphukhaphu emhlabeni.Ifaneleke ngokukodwa isikrweqe, i-aerospace kunye nemidlalo ekumgangatho ophezulu.Uphando lusaqhubeka.Uphando kwi-nano fibers yenye yezona zihloko ezishushu kakhulu kule ntsimi kwaye ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba i-nanoparticles ikhuselekile kwindoda kunye nokusingqongileyo, intsimi entsha yesayensi ebizwa ngokuthi "i-nanotoxicology" ithathwa, okwangoku ijonge ekuphuhliseni iindlela zokuvavanya ukuphanda. kunye nokuvavanya intsebenziswano phakathi kwe-nanoparticles, indoda kunye nokusingqongileyo.
Iintsinga ezenziwe ngabantu ezidla ngokusetyenziswa ziintsinga zekhabhoni, iintsinga zeceramic, iintsinga zeglasi kunye neentsinga zentsimbi.Ubukhulu becala zisetyenziselwa iinjongo ezithile ezikhethekileyo ukuze zenze imisebenzi ethile ekhethekileyo.
Enkosi ngexesha lakho.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-20-2023