Lapha ngizokwabelana ngolwazi mayelana nokudaya kwendwangu, ukuphrinta kanye nenqubo yokuqeda.
Ukudaya, ukuphrinta nokuqeda kuyizinqubo ezibalulekile ekwenziweni kwezindwangu ngoba zinikeza umbala, ukubukeka, nesibambo emkhiqizweni wokugcina.Izinqubo zincike ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo, izinto ezikhona kanye nesakhiwo sezintambo nezindwangu.Ukudaya, ukuphrinta nokuqeda kungase kwenziwe ngezigaba ezihlukahlukene ekukhiqizeni izindwangu.
Imicu yemvelo efana nekotini noma uvolo ingase idayiwe ngaphambi kokuba iphothwe ibe yizintambo futhi imicu ekhiqizwa ngale ndlela ibizwa ngokuthi imicu edayiwe nge-fibre.Odayi bangengezwa ezixazululweni zokuphotha noma ngisho nakuma-polymer chips lapho kuphothwa imicu yokwenziwa, futhi, ngale ndlela, kwenziwa imicu edayiwe ngesixazululo noma imicu edayiwe.Ezindwangu ezidaywe ngentambo, izintambo zidinga ukudaywa ngaphambi kokulukwa noma ukunithwa.Imishini yokudaya yenzelwe ukudaya izintambo ngendlela yama-hanks amanxeba axegayo noma amaphakethe.Imishini enjalo ibizwa nge-hank dyeing kanye nemishini yokudaya yamaphakheji ngokulandelana.
Izinqubo zokuqeda zami nazo zenziwe ezingutsheni ezihlangene.Isibonelo, izingubo zedenim eziwashwe ngezindlela eziningi, njengokuwashwa ngamatshe noma ukugeza ama-enzyme, zithandwa kakhulu kulezi zinsuku.Ukudaya kwezingubo kungase kusetshenziselwe ezinye izinhlobo zezingubo zokuluka ukukhiqiza izingubo ukuze kugwenywe ukufiphazwa kombala kuzo.
Kodwa-ke, ezimweni eziningi ukudaya, ukuphrinta nokuqeda kwenziwa ezindwangu, lapho izindwangu zilukwa noma zilukwe bese lezi zindwangu zombuso ezimpunga noma "ezimpunga", ngemuva kokwelashwa kokuqala, ziyadaywa, futhi/noma ziphrintwe, futhi ziqedwe ngamakhemikhali noma ngomshini. .
Ukwelashwa Kokuqala
Ukuze kuzuzwe izimpendulo “ezibikezelwayo nezingaphinde zenziwe kabusha” ekudayeni nasekuqedeni, ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zokuqala ziyadingeka.Ngokuya ngenqubo, izindwangu zingase zithathwe njengezicucu noma amaqoqo angashadile, noma zithungwe ndawonye kusetshenziswa izitishi zamaketango, ukuze zisuswe kalula ukuze zicutshungulwe, ukuze kwakhiwe ubude obude bamaqoqo ahlukene ukuze kucutshungulwe ngokuqhubekayo.
1. Ukucula
Ukucula kuyinqubo yokushisa imicu noma ukulala endaweni yendwangu ukugwema ukudaya okungalingani noma amabala okuphrinta.Ngokuvamile, izindwangu ezilukiwe zikakotini ezimpunga zidinga ukuculwa ngaphambi kokuba kuqalwe ezinye izindlela zokwelapha.Kunezinhlobo eziningana zemishini yokucula, njengomculi wepuleti, kumculi we-roller kanye nomculi wegesi.Umshini wokucula amapuleti uwuhlobo olulula nolundala kakhulu.Indwangu ezoculwa idlula ipuleti lethusi elilodwa noma amabili ashisiwe ngesivinini esikhulu ukuze isuse isihlwathi kodwa ngaphandle kokushisisa indwangu.Emshinini wokucula we-roller, ama-roller ensimbi ashisayo asetshenziswa esikhundleni samapuleti ethusi ukuze anikeze ukulawula okungcono kokushisisa.Umshini wokucula wegesi, lapho indwangu idlula izishisi zegesi ukuze icule imicu engaphezulu, iwuhlobo olusetshenziswa kakhulu kulezi zinsuku.Inombolo kanye nesikhundla sezimbawula kanye nobude bamalangabi kungalungiswa ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela omuhle kakhulu.
2. Ukunciphisa
Ukuze izintambo eziqondile, ikakhulukazi ukotini, ezisetshenziselwa ukwaluka, ukulinganisa, ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa isitashi, ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukuze kuncishiswe ubunwele bezintambo futhi kuqinise intambo ukuze ikwazi ukumelana nokungezwani kokweluka.Nokho ubukhulu obusele endwangwini bungase buvimbele amakhemikhali noma odayi ukuthi baxhumane nemicu yendwangu.Ngakho-ke, usayizi kufanele ususwe ngaphambi kokuqala kokuhluma.
Inqubo yokususa usayizi wendwangu ibizwa ngokuthi i-desizing noma i-steeping.Ukukhishwa kwe-enzyme, ukukhishwa kwe-alkali noma ukukhishwa kwe-asidi kungasetshenziswa.Ekukhiqizweni kwe-enzyme, izindwangu zixutshwa ngamanzi ashisayo ukuze kugcwale isitashi, bese kuxutshwa utshwala be-enzyme.Ngemva kokupakishwa ezinqumbini amahora amabili kuya kwamane, izindwangu zigezwa ngamanzi ashisayo.Ukukhishwa kwama-enzyme kudinga isikhathi esincane futhi kubangela umonakalo omncane ezindwangu, kodwa uma kusetshenziswa usayizi wamakhemikhali esikhundleni sesitashi sikakolo, ama-enzyme angase angawususi usayizi.Khona-ke, indlela esetshenziswa kabanzi yokususa i-alkali desizing.Izindwangu zifakwe ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-caustic soda bese zinqwabelaniswa emgqonyeni omile amahora amabili kuya kwayi-12, bese ziwashwa.Uma emva kwalokho, izindwangu ziphathwa nge-dilute sulfuric acid, imiphumela engcono ingafinyelelwa.
Ezindwangu ezinithiwe, ukwenza i-desizing akudingekile njengoba izintambo ezisetshenziswa ekunitheni azilingani.
3. Ukubhoboza
Ezimpahleni ezimpunga ezenziwe ngemicu yemvelo, ukungcola emiculweni akunakugwenywa.Uma sithatha ukotini njengesibonelo, kungaba khona ama-wax, imikhiqizo ye-pectin kanye nemifino okuyizinto zamaminerali kuzo.Lokhu kungcola kungase kunikeze imicu eluhlaza umbala ophuzi futhi kuyenze ibe nzima ukuyiphatha.Ukungcola kwe-waxy emiculweni namachashaza kawoyela ezindwangu kungenzeka kuthinte imiphumela yokudaya.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhanjiswa nge-wax noma ukugcoba kungase kudingeke ukuze wenze izintambo eziyisisekelo zithambe futhi zisheleleke ngama-coefficient aphansi ahlanganayo wokusongelwa noma ukunitha.Ukuze kwenziwe imicu yokwenziwa, ikakhulukazi lezo ezizosetshenziswa ekunikeni kwe-warp, ama-agent asebenzayo angaphezulu kanye nama-static inhibitors, ngokuvamile okuyi-emulsion kawoyela eyakhiwe ngokukhethekile, kufanele asetshenziswe ngesikhathi sokulwa, ngaphandle kwalokho imicu ingase ithwale amashaji e-electrostatic, azophazamisa kakhulu ukunitha noma izenzo zokuluka.
Konke ukungcola okuhlanganisa amafutha namawax kumelwe kususwe ngaphambi kokudaywa nokuqedwa, futhi ukukhuhla, ngokwezinga elikhulu, kungafeza injongo.Enye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu zokukhuhla indwangu empunga kakotini izingubo ze-kier.Indwangu kakotini ipakishwe ngokulinganayo ku-kier evalwe ngokuqinile futhi uphuzo oludakayo lwe-alkaline lusatshalaliswa ku-kier ngaphansi kwengcindezi.Enye indlela evame ukusetshenziswa ekukhucululeni i-steaming eqhubekayo futhi ukukhuhla kusetshenzwa ngemishini ehlelekile, ehlanganisa i-mangle, i-J-box kanye nomshini wokuwasha.
Utshwala be-alkaline busetshenziswa endwangu nge-mangle, bese, indwangu ifakwa ku-J-box, lapho isitimu esigcwele sijova nge-heater ye-steam, futhi ngemva kwalokho, indwangu inqwabelaniswa ngokufanayo.Ngemuva kwehora elilodwa noma ngaphezulu, indwangu ihanjiswa emshinini wokuwasha we-roller.
4. Ukuhlanza
Nakuba ukungcola okuningi kwezindwangu zikakotini noma zelineni kungasuswa ngemva kokukhuhlwa, umbala wemvelo usahlala engutsheni.Ukuze lezi zindwangu zidaywe zibe nombala okhanyayo noma zisetshenziswe njengendwangu ephansi yokuphrinta, ukuhlanza kuyadingeka ukuze kukhishwe umbala wemvelo.
I-ejenti yokuxubha empeleni iyi-oxidizing.Ama-ejenti alandelayo okuhlanza asetshenziswa kakhulu.
I-sodium hypochlorite (i-calcium hypochlorite ingase isetshenziswe) ingase ibe i-ejenti yokuhlanza evame ukusetshenziswa.Ukuhlanza nge-sodium hypochlorite ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngaphansi kwezimo ze-alkaline, ngenxa yokuthi ngaphansi kwezimo ezingathathi hlangothi noma ezine-asidi i-sodium hypochlorite izobola kakhulu futhi ukufakwa kwe-oxidation kwemicu ye-cellulosic kuzoqiniswa, okungenza imicu ye-cellulosic ibe i-cellulose ene-oxidized.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinsimbi ezifana nensimbi, i-nickel nethusi kanye nezinhlanganisela zazo ziyi-catalytic agents ezinhle kakhulu e-decompositon ye-sodium hypochlorite, ngakho-ke izinto ezenziwe ngezinto ezinjalo azikwazi ukusetshenziswa kule nqubo.
I-hydrogen peroxide iyi-ejenti enhle yokuhlanza.Kunezinzuzo eziningi zokuhlanza nge-hydrogen peroxide.Isibonelo, indwangu e-bleached izoba nomhlophe omuhle kanye nesakhiwo esizinzile, futhi ukunciphisa amandla endwangu kungaphansi kwalokho lapho i-bleached ne-sodium hypochlorite.Kungenzeka ukuhlanganisa izinqubo ze-desizing, scouring kanye ne-bleaching zibe yinqubo eyodwa.Ukuhlanza nge-hydrogen peroxide kwenziwa ngokuvamile ngesisombululo se-alkali esibuthakathaka, futhi izinzamisi ezifana ne-sodium silicate noma i-tri-ethanolamine kufanele isetshenziselwe ukunqoba izenzo ze-catalytic ezibangelwa izinsimbi ezishiwo ngenhla nezinhlanganisela zazo.
I-sodium chlorite ingenye i-ejenti ye-bleaching, engadlulisela ubumhlophe obuhle endwangu ngokulimala okuncane ku-fiber futhi ifanele ukucutshungulwa okuqhubekayo.Ukuhlanza nge-sodium chlorite kufanele kwenziwe ezimweni ezine-acidic.Kodwa-ke njengoba i-sodium chlorite ibola, umhwamuko we-chlorine dioxide uzokhululwa, futhi lokhu kuyingozi empilweni yomuntu futhi kudla kakhulu izinsimbi eziningi, amapulasitiki kanye nerabha.Ngakho-ke insimbi ye-titanium ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukwenza okokusebenza kokufiphalisa, futhi ukuvikelwa okudingekayo emazingeni omusi ayingozi kuzodingeka kuthathwe.Konke lokhu kwenza le ndlela yokwenza i-bleaching ibize kakhulu.
Siyabonga ngesikhathi sakho.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-20-2023