Izinhlobo ze-Textile Fibers

Imicu yizici eziyisisekelo zezindwangu.Ngokuvamile, izinto ezinobubanzi obusukela kuma-microns ambalwa ukuya kumashumi ama-microns futhi ezinobude izikhathi eziningi zogqinsi bazo zingabhekwa njengemicu.Phakathi kwazo, lezo ezinde kunamashumi amamilimitha anamandla anele nokuguquguquka zingahlukaniswa njengezintambo zendwangu, ezingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza izintambo, izintambo nezindwangu.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemicu yendwangu.Kodwa-ke konke kungahlukaniswa njengemicu yemvelo noma imicu eyenziwe umuntu.

 

 

1. Imicu Yemvelo

Imicu yemvelo ihlanganisa imicu yezitshalo noma yemifino, imicu yezilwane nemicu yamaminerali.

Mayelana nokuduma, ukotini intambo esetshenziswa kakhulu, kulandele ilineni (ifilakisi) kanye ne-ramie.Imicu yefilakisi ivame ukusetshenziswa, kodwa njengoba ubude befilakisi bufushane kakhulu (25~40 mm), imicu ye-flxa ngokuvamile ibihlanganiswa nokotini noma i-polyester.I-Ramie, ebizwa ngokuthi "utshani baseChina", iyi-bast fiber eqinile ene-silky lustre.Imunca kakhulu kodwa izindwangu ezenziwe ngayo ziyagoqeka futhi zishwabane kalula, ngakho-ke i-ramie ivamise ukuhlanganiswa nemicu yokwenziwa.

Imicu yezilwane iphuma ezinweleni zesilwane, isibonelo, uvolo, i-cashmere, i-mohair, uboya bekamela noboya bukanogwaja, njll., noma iphuma ezindlaleni zezilwane, njengosilika kamalibhele kanye ne-tussah.

Umucu wamaminerali wemvelo owaziwa kakhulu yi-asbestos, okuyi-fiber engaphili enokumelana nelangabi okuhle kakhulu kodwa futhi iyingozi empilweni, ngakho-ke, ayisetshenziswa manje.

2. Imicu Eyenziwe Umuntu

Imicu eyenziwe umuntu ingahlukaniswa njengemicu yemvelo noma ye-inorganic.Olokuqala lungahlukaniswa lube izinhlobo ezimbili: uhlobo olulodwa luhlanganisa lezo ezenziwe ngokuguqulwa kwama-polymers emvelo ukuze kukhiqizwe imicu evuselelwe njengoba ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa kanjalo, kanti olunye uhlobo lwenziwa ngama-polymer okwenziwa ukuze kukhiqizwe imicu yokwenziwa noma imicu.

Amafayibha avuselelwe asetshenziswa kakhulu ama-Cupro fibers (CUP, imicu ye-cellulose etholwe inqubo ye-cuprammonium) kanye ne-Viscose (i-CV, imicu ye-cellulose etholwe inqubo ye-viscose. Kokubili i-Cupro ne-Viscose ingabizwa ngokuthi i-rayon).I-Acetate (CA, i-cellulose acetate fibers lapho ngaphansi kwe-92%, kodwa okungenani i-74%, yamaqembu e-hydroxyl i-acetylated.) kanye ne-triacetate (CTA, i-cellulose acetate fibers lapho okungenani i-92% yamaqembu e-hydroxyl i-acetylated.) ezinye izinhlobo zemicu evuselelwe.I-Lyocell ( CLY ), i-Modal ( CMD ) kanye ne-Tencel manje ziyizintambo ezivuselelwe kabusha ze-cellulose, ezathuthukiswa ukuze zihlangabezane nesidingo sokucatshangelwa kwemvelo ekukhiqizeni kwazo.

Namuhla ama-protein fibers avuselelwe nawo ayathandwa.Phakathi kwalokhu kukhona imicu yesoya, imicu yobisi kanye nemicu yeChitosan.Imicu yeprotheyini evuselelwe ifaneleka kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha.

Imicu yokwenziwa esetshenziswa ezindwangu ngokuvamile yenziwa ngamalahle, i-petroleum noma igesi yemvelo, lapho ama-monomer enziwa i-polymerized ngokusebenzisa amakhemikhali ahlukene aphindwe kabili ukuze abe ama-polymers amangqamuzana aphezulu anezakhiwo zamakhemikhali ezilula, ezingancibilika noma zincibilikiswe kuzincibilikisi ezifanele.Izintambo zokwenziwa ezivame ukusetshenziswa yi-polyester (PES), i-polyamide (PA) noma inayiloni, i-polyethylene (PE), i-acrylic (PAN), i-modacrylic (MAC), i-polyamide (PA) ne-polyurethane (PU).Ama-polyester anephunga elimnandi njenge-polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), i-polyethylene terephthalate (PET) kanye ne-polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) nawo aqala ukuthandwa.Ngaphezu kwalokhu, izintambo eziningi zokwenziwa ezinezakhiwo ezikhethekile ziye zathuthukiswa, okuzokwaziwa ngazo i-Nomex, Kevlar kanye ne-Spectra fibers.Bobabili uNomex kanye no-Kevlar banikeza amagama ebhrendi abhalisiwe eNkampani yaseDupont.I-Nomex iyifayibha ye-meta-aramid enendawo enhle kakhulu evimbela amalangabi futhi i-Kevlar ingasetshenziswa ukwenza amavesti angangenwa izinhlamvu ngenxa yamandla ayo angavamile.I-Spectra fiber yenziwe nge-polyethylene, enesisindo samangqamuzana aphezulu kakhulu, futhi ithathwa njengeminye yemicu enamandla futhi elula kakhulu emhlabeni.Ilungele ikakhulukazi izikhali, i-aerospace kanye nemidlalo esezingeni eliphezulu.Ucwaningo lusaqhubeka.Ucwaningo lwama-nano fibers lungenye yezihloko ezishisa kakhulu kulo mkhakha futhi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ama-nanoparticles aphephile kumuntu kanye nemvelo, kutholakala insimu entsha yesayensi ebizwa ngokuthi "i-nanotoxicology", okwamanje ebheka ukuthuthukisa izindlela zokuhlola zokuphenya. kanye nokuhlola ukusebenzisana phakathi kwama-nanoparticles, umuntu nendawo ezungezile.

Imicu ye-inorganic eyenziwe ngumuntu evame ukusetshenziswa yi-carbon fibers, imicu ye-ceramic, imicu yengilazi nemicu yensimbi.Ngokuvamile zisetshenziselwa izinjongo ezithile ezikhethekile ukuze zenze imisebenzi ethile ekhethekile.

Siyabonga ngesikhathi sakho.